Pagsuko
: 31 Members of the PKP, the Popular Front Party, the League for the Defense of Democracy, KPMP, AMT, and KAP convened to create a structure for unified resistance against the Japanese. In February 1942 a "struggle conference" was held in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija to discuss organization, strategy, and tactics. Vicente Lava took the reins of the PKP and tried to re-organize the party. Abad Santos was similarly captured, but was released in 1943. Crisanto Evangelista, its founder, was among those who were captured and was executed in 1942. : 31–32Īt the outbreak of the Second World War in the Philippines and the capture of Manila, top-ranking leaders of the PKP were captured by the Japanese military. Pedro Abad Santos, founding member of the Socialist Party of the Philippines, had also ordered Luis Taruc to mobilize forces in Pampanga. : 30 As early as 1941, Juan Feleo, a well-known peasant leader and member of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, had begun to mobilize peasants in his home province of Nueva Ecija for the conflict.
The idea of a guerrilla organization was conceived as early as October 1941, months before the Philippines' entry to World War II. The most potent of these organizations was the Hukbalahap, which began as a resistance organization against the Japanese but ended as an anti-government resistance movement. The reforms, however, did not solve the problems and, with growing political consciousness produced by education, peasants began to unite under educated but poor leaders. Only after the coming of the Americans were reforms initiated to lessen tensions between tenants and landlords. These demands included increased rents, demands for proceeds from the sale of crops, and predatory lending agreements to fund farm improvements. Landowners increased demands on farmers, who rented parcels of land. : 57Īfter the opening of ports in Manila, the Luzon economy was transformed to meet the demands for exports of rice, sugar, and tobacco. In the 19th century, Filipino landlordism, under the Spanish colonization, arose and, with it, further abuses. This developed into a system of exploitation.
The Hukbalahap movement has deep roots in the Spanish encomienda, a system of grants to reward soldiers who had conquered New Spain, established in 1570. Notwithstanding this name change, the HMB continued to be popularly known as the Hukbalahap, and the English-speaking press continued to refer to it and its members, interchangeably, as the "Huks" during the whole period between 19.
: 31 This original intent is reflected in its name: "Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon", which means "People's Army Against the Japanese."īy 1950, the Communist Party of the Philippines (PKP) had resolved to reconstitute the organization as the armed wing of a revolutionary party, prompting a change in the official name to Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan, : 44 (HMB) or "People's Liberation Army", likely in emulation of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Īs originally constituted in March 1942, the Hukbalahap was to be part of a broad united front resistance to the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. Ī monument dedicated to the Huks in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, was constructed to honor their actions during World War II.
#Pagsuko series
It was put down through a series of reforms and military victories by Defense Secretary, and later President, Ramon Magsaysay. They were originally formed to fight the Japanese, but extended their fight into a rebellion against the Philippine government, known as the Hukbalahap Rebellion, in 1946. The Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon (literally, "People's Army Against the Japanese"), better known by the acronym Hukbalahap (the Huks), was a communist guerrilla movement formed by the farmers of Central Luzon. The Philippine resistance against Japan during World War II and the Hukbalahap Rebellion
United States of America (during World War II recapture of the Philippines)Įmpire of Japan (during World War II occupation) Commonwealth of the Philippines (1942–1946)